prevention

Description Results NMA

AF 0.61 [0.45; 0.84]

AF 0.40 [0.09; 1.83]

AF 1.10 [0.63; 1.93]

atorvastatin 40mg daily (n=101)

vs.

placebo (n=99)

Sample size: 101/99

Primary endpoint: post-operative AF 5 min

FU duration: 30 days

atorvastatin 20mg daily (n=20)

vs.

placebo (n=20)

double-blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 20/20

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3 weeks

atorvastatin 80mg daily (n=1421)

vs.

placebo (n=1440)

double-blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 1421/1440

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 16 weeks

AF recurrence 0.62 [0.47; 0.81]

AF recurrence 0.73 [0.58; 0.91]

AF recurrence 0.27 [0.09; 0.86]

AF recurrence 0.39 [0.25; 0.60]

atorvastatin 80 mg daily (n=118)

vs.

placebo (n=116)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 118/116

Primary endpoint:

FU duration:

12 patients were excluded after randomization

atorvastatin 80 mg (n=118)

vs.

placebo (n=108)

double blind

Sample size: 118/108

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 16 weeks

atorvastatin 10 mg (n=24)

vs.

standard therapy (n=24)

open

Sample size: 24/24

Primary endpoint: recurrence of AF

FU duration: 3 months

atorvastatin 20–40 mg (n=40)

vs.

placebo (n=40)

NA

Sample size: 40/40

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 4–6 months

AF 0.82 [0.68; 1.00]

candesartan (n=3225)

vs.

placebo (n=3221)

Sample size: 3225/3221

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3.17 y

candesartan 8 mg once daily for 3-6 weeks before and candesartan 16 mg once daily for 6 months after electrical cardioversion (n=86)

vs.

placebo (n=85)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 86/85

Primary endpoint: Recurrence of atrial fibrillation

FU duration: 6 months

AF 0.22 [0.12; 0.43]

enalapril (n=186)

vs.

placebo (n=188)

Sample size: 186/188

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 2.9 y

AF recurrence 0.60 [0.37; 0.97]

enalapril (n=70)

vs.

control (n=75)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 70/75

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 270 days (range 61-575d)

AF 1.07 [0.76; 1.51]

gemfibrozil (n=1070)

vs.

placebo (n=1060)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 1070/1060

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 4.4 y

hospitalization for HF 0.87 [0.78; 0.98]

cardiovascular events + HF hospitalization 0.95 [0.89; 1.02]

vascular death 1.03 [0.93; 1.13]

stroke/MI/vascular death 1.00 [0.92; 1.08]

stroke 0.92 [0.81; 1.05]

MI 1.05 [0.84; 1.33]

irbesartan 300mg once daily (n=4518)

vs.

placebo (n=4498)

these patients were drawn from two parallel trials (ACTIVE-A and ACTIVE-W) utilizing a partial factorial design

double blind

Factorial plan

Sample size: 4518/4498

Primary endpoint: coprimary MACE, HF events

FU duration: 4.1 years

AF recurrence 0.39 [0.19; 0.79]

irbesartan (n=79)

vs.

control (n=75)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 79/75

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 254 d (range 60-710)

AF 0.92 [0.83; 1.01]

lisinopril (n=8902)

vs.

placebo (n=8846)

Sample size: 8902/8846

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 0.5 y

AF recurrence 0.45 [0.13; 1.57]

lisinopril (n=7)

vs.

placebo (n=11)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 7/11

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 84 days

AF 0.66 [0.54; 0.81]

losartan (n=4298)

vs.

atenolol (n=4182)

Sample size: 4298/4182

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 4.8 y

AF recurrence 1.06 [0.62; 1.81]

pravastatin 40 mg (n=51)

vs.

standard therapy (n=51)

Sample size: 51/51

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 6 weeks

AF 0.00 [NaN; NaN]

rosuvastatin 10mg daily (n=1855)

vs.

placebo (n=1835)

sub groups

double-blind

Factorial plan

Sample size: 1855/1835

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3.7y (median)

inclusion questionnable

AF 0.67 [0.54; 0.83]

valsartan (n=2506)

vs.

placebo (n=2494)

Sample size: 2506/2494

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 1.92 y

AF recurrence 0.99 [0.89; 1.09]

more than 1 recurrence 0.96 [0.81; 1.14]

valsartan (n=722)

vs.

placebo (n=720)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 722/720

Primary endpoint: AF recurrence

FU duration: 1 year

diabetes 0.52 [0.06; 4.50]

American Heart Association (AHA) step 2 diet (<30% of total calories as fat, <7% saturated fat, 55% carbohydrate, and < 200 mg cholesterol daily) plus endurance exercise for 1 h three times a week (n=70)

vs.

AHA step 1 diet (30% of total calories as fat, 10% saturated fat, 50% carbohydrate, and <300 mg cholesterol) plus stretching exercise three times a week (n=0)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 70/0

Primary endpoint: not defined

FU duration: 22 months

insulin glargine (with a target fasting blood glucose level of <=95 mg per deciliter [5.3 mmol per liter]) (n=1184)

vs.

standard glycemic care alone (n=0)

open-label

Factorial plan

Sample size: 1184/0

Primary endpoint: change in maximum CIMT

FU duration:

diabetes 0.18 [0.02; 1.37]

glipizide 2.5 mg daily (n=34)

vs.

placebo (n=0)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 34/0

Primary endpoint: not defined

FU duration: 18 months

diabetes 0.69 [0.37; 1.28]

diabetes 0.49 [0.09; 2.54]

diabetes 0.65 [0.27; 1.56]

diabetes 0.84 [0.25; 2.87]

diabetes 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

diabetes 1.00 [0.07; 14.90]

diabetes 0.71 [0.61; 0.82]

diabetes 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

diabetes 0.25 [0.16; 0.41]

normoglycemia 1.00 [1.00; 1.00]

metformin 850mg twice daily (n=3234)

vs.

placebo (n=0)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 3234/0

Primary endpoint: not defined

FU duration: 2.8 years

metformin 500 mg three times/day, (n=631)

vs.

placebo (n=0)

Sample size: 631/0

Primary endpoint:

FU duration:

metformin 250 mg three times/day (n=33)

vs.

placebo (n=37)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 33/37

Primary endpoint: not defined

FU duration: 12 months

advice on lifestyle modification, metformin, or both (n=531)

vs.

given standard health care advice (control) (n=0)

4 arms: advice on lifestyle modification, metformin, or both and standard health care advice (control)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 531/0

Primary endpoint: development of diabetes

FU duration: 2.5 y

carbohydrate restriction with phenformin 50 mg daily (n=204)

vs.

carbohydrate restriction alone (n=0)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 204/0

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 4.3 y

metformin 850 mg BID (n=32)

vs.

placebo (n=32)

Sample size: 32/32

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 750 mg BID (n=11)

vs.

placebo (n=11)

Sample size: 11/11

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 12 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=227)

vs.

placebo (n=230)

Sample size: 227/230

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 52 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=83)

vs.

placebo (n=85)

Sample size: 83/85

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 13 weeks

metformin 500 mg TID (n=15)

vs.

placebo (n=17)

Sample size: 15/17

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 13 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=12)

vs.

placebo (n=12)

Sample size: 12/12

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 17 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=45)

vs.

placebo (n=47)

Sample size: 45/47

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 17 weeks

metformin 500 mg BID (n=16)

vs.

placebo (n=16)

Sample size: 16/16

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=10)

vs.

placebo (n=10)

Sample size: 10/10

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=12)

vs.

placebo (n=12)

Sample size: 12/12

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 12 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID + lifestyle modification (n=18)

vs.

placebo + lifestyle modification (n=20)

Sample size: 18/20

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 48 weeks

metformin 1 g BID (n=10)

vs.

no treatment (n=10)

Sample size: 10/10

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 8 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=12)

vs.

placebo (n=12)

Sample size: 12/12

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 8 weeks

metformin 500 mg TID (n=16)

vs.

placebo (n=16)

Sample size: 16/16

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=28)

vs.

placebo (n=28)

Sample size: 28/28

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 8 weeks

metformin 500 mg BID (n=20)

vs.

placebo (n=20)

Sample size: 20/20

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 500 mg TID (n=12)

vs.

placebo (n=11)

Sample size: 12/11

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=19)

vs.

placebo (n=19)

Sample size: 19/19

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 8 weeks

metformin 500 mg TID (n=10)

vs.

placebo (n=10)

Sample size: 10/10

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 12 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=1073)

vs.

placebo (n=1082)

Sample size: 1073/1082

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 156 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=20)

vs.

placebo (n=20)

Sample size: 20/20

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 1.7 g/d (n=10)

vs.

placebo (n=11)

Sample size: 10/11

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 20 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=12)

vs.

placebo (n=11)

Sample size: 12/11

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 8 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=15)

vs.

placebo (n=15)

Sample size: 15/15

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 1 g BID (n=28)

vs.

placebo (n=28)

Sample size: 28/28

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 500 mg/d (n=59)

vs.

placebo (n=97)

Sample size: 59/97

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 104 weeks

metformin 1500 mg/d (n=17)

vs.

placebo (n=17)

Sample size: 17/17

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 13 weeks

metformin 850 mg BID (n=69)

vs.

placebo (n=74)

Sample size: 69/74

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 26 weeks

metformin 500 mg BID (n=32)

vs.

placebo (n=33)

Sample size: 32/33

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 13 weeks

rosiglitazone (2 mg) and metformin (500 mg) twice-daily (n=103)

vs.

placebo (n=104)

double-blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 103/104

Primary endpoint: incident diabetes

FU duration: 3.9y (median)

diabetes 1.06 [1.01; 1.12]

death 1.00 [0.86; 1.16]

CV death 1.07 [0.84; 1.37]

fatal and non fatal stroke 0.88 [0.69; 1.14]

fatal and non fatal MI 0.95 [0.75; 1.19]

hospitalization for heart failure 0.85 [0.64; 1.14]

cardiovasculaire events 0.95 [0.83; 1.09]

nateglinide 60mg 3 times daily (n=4645)

vs.

placebo (n=4661)

factorial design: patuents were also randomized between nateglinide or placebo

double-blind

Factorial plan

Sample size: 4645/4661

Primary endpoint: 3 coprimary: diabetes, CV events

FU duration: 5 years

diabetes 0.39 [0.12; 1.23]

diabetes 0.48 [0.16; 1.44]

orlistat 120 mg three times/day (n=359)

vs.

placebo (n=316)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 359/316

Primary endpoint: glucose tolerance status

FU duration: 4 weeks

orlistat 120 mg three times/day (n=714)

vs.

placebo (n=715)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 714/715

Primary endpoint: diabetes

FU duration: 3 months

normoglycemia 1.11 [1.04; 1.19]

death 0.98 [0.60; 1.60]

CV death 1.21 [0.52; 2.80]

cardiovasculaire events 1.07 [0.76; 1.51]

diabetes 0.93 [0.82; 1.04]

ramipril up to 15 mg daily (n=2623)

vs.

placebo (n=2646)

factorial design with rosiglitazone

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 2623/2646

Primary endpoint: diabetes or death

FU duration: 3 y (median)

diabetes 0.47 [0.42; 0.54]

cardiovasculaire events 1.52 [1.08; 2.14]

normoglycemia 2.10 [1.92; 2.29]

death 1.01 [0.62; 1.65]

CV death 1.34 [0.58; 3.09]

CV death, MI, stroke 1.55 [0.91; 2.64]

rosiglitazone 8 mg daily (n=2365)

vs.

placebo (n=2634)

factorial design with ramipril

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 2365/2634

Primary endpoint: diabetes, death

FU duration: 3 years (median)

troglitazone 400 mg once daily (n=133)

vs.

placebo (n=133)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 133/133

Primary endpoint: not defined

FU duration: 30 months (median)

troglitazone (n=585)

vs.

double placebo (n=582)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 585/582

Primary endpoint: not defined

FU duration: 0.9 year

diabetes 0.90 [0.85; 0.95]

death 0.91 [0.78; 1.06]

CV death 1.11 [0.87; 1.43]

fatal and non fatal stroke 0.80 [0.62; 1.03]

fatal and non fatal MI 1.00 [0.79; 1.25]

hospitalization for heart failure 0.98 [0.73; 1.30]

cardiovasculaire events 0.98 [0.89; 1.08]

valsartan up to 160 mg daily (n=4631)

vs.

placebo (n=4675)

factorial design: patuents were also randomized between nateglinide or placebo

double-blind

Factorial plan

Sample size: 4631/4675

Primary endpoint: 3 coprimary: diabetes, CV events

FU duration: 5 years

diabetes 0.46 [0.34; 0.64]

voglibose 0.2 mg three times daily (n=897)

vs.

placebo (n=881)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 897/881

Primary endpoint: type 2 diabetes mellitus

FU duration: 4.01 years

insulin glargine (with a target fasting blood glucose level of <=95 mg per deciliter [5.3 mmol per liter]) (n=1184)

vs.

standard glycemic care alone (n=0)

open-label

Factorial plan

Sample size: 1184/0

Primary endpoint: change in maximum CIMT

FU duration:

diabetes 0.69 [0.37; 1.28]

diabetes 0.25 [0.16; 0.41]

normoglycemia 1.00 [1.00; 1.00]

metformin 850mg twice daily (n=3234)

vs.

placebo (n=0)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 3234/0

Primary endpoint: not defined

FU duration: 2.8 years

rosiglitazone (2 mg) and metformin (500 mg) twice-daily (n=103)

vs.

placebo (n=104)

double-blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 103/104

Primary endpoint: incident diabetes

FU duration: 3.9y (median)

diabetes 1.06 [1.01; 1.12]

death 1.00 [0.86; 1.16]

CV death 1.07 [0.84; 1.37]

fatal and non fatal stroke 0.88 [0.69; 1.14]

fatal and non fatal MI 0.95 [0.75; 1.19]

hospitalization for heart failure 0.85 [0.64; 1.14]

cardiovasculaire events 0.95 [0.83; 1.09]

nateglinide 60mg 3 times daily (n=4645)

vs.

placebo (n=4661)

factorial design: patuents were also randomized between nateglinide or placebo

double-blind

Factorial plan

Sample size: 4645/4661

Primary endpoint: 3 coprimary: diabetes, CV events

FU duration: 5 years

normoglycemia 1.11 [1.04; 1.19]

death 0.98 [0.60; 1.60]

CV death 1.21 [0.52; 2.80]

cardiovasculaire events 1.07 [0.76; 1.51]

diabetes 0.93 [0.82; 1.04]

ramipril up to 15 mg daily (n=2623)

vs.

placebo (n=2646)

factorial design with rosiglitazone

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 2623/2646

Primary endpoint: diabetes or death

FU duration: 3 y (median)

diabetes 0.47 [0.42; 0.54]

cardiovasculaire events 1.52 [1.08; 2.14]

normoglycemia 2.10 [1.92; 2.29]

death 1.01 [0.62; 1.65]

CV death 1.34 [0.58; 3.09]

CV death, MI, stroke 1.55 [0.91; 2.64]

rosiglitazone 8 mg daily (n=2365)

vs.

placebo (n=2634)

factorial design with ramipril

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 2365/2634

Primary endpoint: diabetes, death

FU duration: 3 years (median)

diabetes 0.90 [0.85; 0.95]

death 0.91 [0.78; 1.06]

CV death 1.11 [0.87; 1.43]

fatal and non fatal stroke 0.80 [0.62; 1.03]

fatal and non fatal MI 1.00 [0.79; 1.25]

hospitalization for heart failure 0.98 [0.73; 1.30]

cardiovasculaire events 0.98 [0.89; 1.08]

valsartan up to 160 mg daily (n=4631)

vs.

placebo (n=4675)

factorial design: patuents were also randomized between nateglinide or placebo

double-blind

Factorial plan

Sample size: 4631/4675

Primary endpoint: 3 coprimary: diabetes, CV events

FU duration: 5 years

diabetes 0.46 [0.34; 0.64]

voglibose 0.2 mg three times daily (n=897)

vs.

placebo (n=881)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 897/881

Primary endpoint: type 2 diabetes mellitus

FU duration: 4.01 years

vascular death 0.86 [0.75; 0.99]

cardiovascular event 0.91 [0.82; 1.00]

folic acid and vitamins B12 and B6 in a single tablet (n=4089)

vs.

placebo (n=4075)

double-blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 4089/4075

Primary endpoint: nonfatal stroke, nonfatal MI, vascular death

FU duration: 3.4 y

Death from any cause 0.86 [0.66; 1.11]

Myocardial infarction 0.90 [0.66; 1.23]

stroke (fatal & non fatal) 1.04 [0.84; 1.29]

cardiovascular event (fatal and non fatal) 0.97 [0.84; 1.12]

high-dose of folic acid, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and cobalamin (vitamin B12) (n=1827)

vs.

low-dose of folic acid, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and cobalamin (vitamin B12) (n=1853)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 1827/1853

Primary endpoint: Recurrent cerebral infarction

FU duration: 2 y